Abstract: This study aimed to enhance the utilization of agricultural waste and identify the most suitable agricultural waste materials for tomato cultivation. It utilized a locally modified substrate labeled as CK, along with five different groups of agricultural waste materials, designated as T1 (organic fertilizer: loessial soil: straw in a ratio of 4:5:1), T2 (organic fertilizer: loessial soil: straw: grains in a ratio of 3:5:1:1), T3 (organic fertilizer: loessial soil: straw: grains in a ratio of 2:5:1:2), T4 (organic fertilizer:loessial soil:straw:grains in a ratio of 1:5:1:3), and T5 ( loessial soil:straw:grains in a ratio of 5:1:4), the AquaCrop model was employed to validate soil water content and tomato growth and yield under these treatments. Furthermore, a multi-objective genetic algorithm was employed to determine the optimal agricultural waste materials that would ensure maximum tomato yield, water use efficiency (WUE), partial factor productivity of fertilizer (PFP) and sugar-acid ratio. The results indicated that the AquaCrop model reasonably simulated volumetric soil water content, tomato canopy cover, and biomass, with root mean square error (RMSE) ranges of 20.0-69.4 mm, 15.2%-25.1%, and 1.093-3.469 t/hm², respectively. The CK group exhibited an R-squared (R²) value of 0.63 for volumetric soil water contents, while the ratio scenarios showed R² values exceeding 0.80. The multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm identified T5 as the optimal ratio scenario, resulting in maximum tomato yield, WUE, PFP, and quality. This study offers a theoretical foundation for the efficient utilization of agricultural wastes and the production of high-quality fruits and vegetables.